Malcolm X (Malcolm Little)
Malcolm X (Malcolm Little)( 1925–65),Omaha-born militant black leader, a preacher in the Black Muslim religion until ousted (1963) when he founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity, soon after which he was shot to death. The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1964) was told to Alex Haley. It tells movingly of his self-education in prison (for thieving), his sense of self-worth buttressed by his conversion to Islam, and his taking a name of his own and not the heritage of a white man. A movie written and directed by Spike Lee (1992) maximized Malcolm's posthumous charisma as a black leader. One Day, When I Was Lost (1972) by James Baldwin is an unfilmed scenario of the Autobiography. Two volumes of his speeches have been published (1965, 1968).
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