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Definition

A joint or synovial membrane biopsy refers to a procedure where a sample of the joint lining or synovial membrane is taken.

Purpose

A joint biopsy is performed to determine why a joint is painful or swollen. It is usually reserved for more difficult cases where the diagnosis is not clear. The test can be used to diagnose bacterial or fungal infections, an abnormal buildup of iron, cancer, or other diseases.

Precautions

The procedure must be done under very sterile conditions to reduce the risk of infection.

Description

The test is performed either in the doctor's office, clinic, or hospital by a surgeon. There are many different ways to perform this biopsy: through an incision in the joint; with a scope inserted in the joint; or, more typically, by the insertion of a sharp instrument through the skin. The...