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The GALE
ENCYCLOPEDIA
of MEDICINE
SECOND EDITION

STAFF

Jacqueline L. Longe, Project Editor
Deirdre S. Blanchfield, Associate Editor
Christine B. Jeryan, Managing Editor

Donna Olendorf, Senior Editor
Stacey Blachford, Associate Editor
Kate Kretschmann, Melissa C. McDade, Ryan Thomason, Assistant Editors

Mark Springer, Technical Specialist
Andrea Lopeman, Programmer/Analyst

Barbara J. Yarrow, Manager, Imaging and Multimedia Content
Robyn V. Young, Project Manager, Imaging and Multimedia Content
Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Content
Kelly A. Quin, Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Content
Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Mary K. Grimes, Dave Oblender, Image Catalogers
Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator
Randy Bassett, Imaging Supervisor
Robert Duncan, Senior Imaging Specialist
Dan Newell, Imaging Specialist
Christine O'Bryan, Graphic Specialist

Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager
Margaret A. Chamberlain, Permissions Specialist

Michelle DiMercurio, Senior Art Director
Mike Logusz, Graphic Artist

Mary Beth Trimper, Manager, Composition and Electronic Prepress
Evi Seoud, Assistant Manager, Composition Purchasing and Electronic Prepress
Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager
Wendy Blurton, Senior Manufacturing Specialist

Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments constitute an extension of the copyright notice.

While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, the Gale Group neither guarantees the accuracy of the data contained herein nor assumes any responsibility for errors, omissions or discrepancies. The Gale Group accepts no payment for listing, and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editor or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.

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This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editor of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information.

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All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.

Copyright © 2002

Gale Group
27500 Drake Road
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535

All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form.

ISBN 0-7876-5489-2 (set)
0-7876-5490-6 (Vol. 1)
0-7876-5491-4 (Vol. 2)
0-7876-5492-2 (Vol. 3)
0-7876-5493-0 (Vol. 4)
0-7876-5494-9 (Vol. 5)

Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Gale encyclopedia of medicine / Jacqueline L. Longe, editor; Deirdre S. Blanchfield, associate editor — 2nd ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: Vol. 1. A-B — v. 2. C-F — v. 3. G-M — v. 4. N-S — v. 5. T-Z.

ISBN 0-7876-5489-2 (set: hardcover) — ISBN 0-7876-5490-6 (vol. 1) — ISBN 0-7876-5491-4 (vol. 2) — ISBN 0-7876-5492-2 (vol. 3) — ISBN 0-7876-5493-0 (vol. 4) — ISBN 0-7876-5494-9 (vol. 5)

1. Internal medicine—Encyclopedias. I. Longe, Jacqueline L. II. Blanchfield, Deirdre S. III. Gale Research Company.

RC41.G35 2001
616'.003—dc21

     2001051245