Maternity | Compare and Contrast

1930s and 1940s: Between the World Wars, literature in independent Poland flourishes. After the Nazi invasion, cultural and intellectual pursuits are forbidden, thus forcing the literary community to work underground.

1980: Anna Swir copyrights the poems published in 1978 as Happy as a Dog’s Tail, including the poem “Maternity.” 1980 is the last year that Polish writers enjoy a freedom unknown in other Eastern bloc countries. In 1981, the government ends its liberal publication policy. As a result, a large underground press develops.

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