Malcolm X (Dictionary of World Biography: The 20th Century)
Early Life
In his best-seller The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1964), Malcolm described his father, Baptist preacher Earl Little, and his mother, Granada native M. Louise Norton, as dedicated followers of Marcus Garvey. Garvey, founder of the United Negro Improvement Association, argued that black people in the Western Hemisphere could achieve political freedom only by returning to the African homeland and could win economic independence by developing black-owned businesses. According to the autobiography, Louise was pregnant with Malcolm when Ku Klux Klan nightriders,...
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