India and Pakistan | Chapter 4 Preface

In assessing what lies in the future for Pakistan and India, the role that the leading religion plays in each country—Islam in Pakistan, Hinduism in India—cannot be overlooked. In both nations, competing moderate and extremist religious views have been a wellspring of controversy and have fueled debates about what place religion should have in each nation’s political institutions.

Islam has been a fundamental part of Pakistan’s identity since before the nation’s founding in 1947. Pakistan was established as a country where Muslims, who constitute 97 percent of its...

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