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That is to say... are they similar enough to have the same themes and motifs

The themes are the same in that a neophyte journeys up a river to "rescue" a man given over the corruption of mass mind control. The exploitation of one civilization over another is drawn out by the total depravity of Kurtz. The motifs of heads on sticks, psychological control over the masses and absence of a moral compass are both vividly displayed.

Coppola's film is similar to the book, and there are some good and valid representations that are reflected in both.  Yet, I think for an even striking example of Conrad's "Heart of Darkness," I strongly suggest viewing the documentary, "Hearts of Darkness:  A Filmmaker's Apocalypse."  It powerfully shows how Coppola, himself, became similar to Kurtz, Marlowe, and perhaps,  Conrad, himself.  If you are looking for a vision of rationality gone into a world of depravity, I think this documentary about the making of the film would be perfect.  I found the documentary closer to the book than the film even was.