In Rwandan history and society, music has always played a very important role. In this society, where history has been kept through spoken rather than written words, music has been one essential tool of keeping memory alive. However, music has been used in both a negative and positive way. During the 1994 genocide, music was used to initiate hatred and terror against the Tutsi minority and Tutsi-friendly Hutus. The rhythm of hate speech was broadcast daily on Radio Television Mille Collines (RTMC), a popular, nationalist-oriented but unofficial Hutu radio station based in Rwanda's capital city, Kigali. RTMC offered music that was not allowed to be played on official radio, including extremist nationalist folk music by Hutu singers. Lyrics dealt with the superiority of the Hutu race and encouraged people to kill their Tutsi neighbors. A single extremist song might be played ten or fifteen times a day, so people could learn its lyrics by...