Four Summers | Essays and Criticism

  • Sissie's Emotional Evolution

    Semansky is an instructor of English literature and composition who writes about literature and culture for various publications. In this essay, Semansky considers the narrator’s emotional growth.

  • A Reading of Joyce Carol Oates’s "Four Summers"

    In the following essay, Cushman provides an analysis of ‘‘Four Summers,’’ asserting that Oates is ‘‘more interested in psychology than sociology,’’ and finding the story ‘‘another version of American Gothic.’’