Dracula | Chapter I

Chapter I

JONATHAN HARKER'S JOURNAL

(Kept in shorthand.)

3 MAY. BISTRITZ.—Left Munich at 8:35 p.m., on 1st May, arriving at Vienna early next morning; should have arrived at 6:46, but train was an hour late. Buda-Pesth seems a wonderful place, from the glimpse which I got of it from the train and the little I could walk through the streets. I feared to go very far from the station, as we had arrived late and would start as near the correct time as possible. The impression I had was that we were leaving the West and entering the East; the most western of splendid bridges over the Danube, which is here of noble width and depth, took us among the traditions of Turkish rule.

We left in pretty good time, and came after nightfall to Klausenburgh. Here I stopped for the night at the Hotel Royale. I had for dinner, or rather supper, a chicken done up some way with red pepper, which was very good but thirsty. (Mem., get recipe for Mina.) I asked the waiter, and he said it was called “paprika hendl,” and that, as it was a national dish, I should be able to get it anywhere along the Carpathians. I found my smattering of German very useful here; indeed, I don't know how I should be able to get on without it.

Having had some time at my disposal when in London, I had visited the British Museum, and made search among the books and maps in the library regarding Transylvania; it had struck me that some foreknowledge of the country could hardly fail to have some importance in dealing with a nobleman of that country. I find that the district he named is in the extreme east of the country, just on the borders of three states, Transylvania, Moldavia, and Bukovina, in the midst of the Carpathian mountains; one of the wildest and least known portions of Europe. I was not able to light on any map or work giving the exact locality of the Castle Dracula, as there are no maps of this country as yet to compare with our own Ordnance Survey Maps; but I found that Bistritz, the post town named by Count Dracula, is a fairly well-known place. I shall enter here some of my notes, as they may refresh my memory when I talk over my travels with Mina.

In the population of Transylvania there are four distinct nationalities: Saxons in the South, and mixed with them the Wallachs, who are the descendants of the Dacians; Magyars in the West, and Szekelys in the East and North. I am going among the latter, who claim to be descended from Attila and the Huns. This may be so, for when the Magyars conquered the country in the eleventh century they found the Huns settled in it. I read that every known superstition in the world is gathered into the horseshoe of the Carpathians, as if it were the centre of some sort of imaginative whirlpool; if so my stay may be very interesting. (Mem., I must ask the Count all about them.)

I did not sleep well, though my bed was comfortable enough, for I had all sorts of queer dreams. There was a dog howling all night under my window, which may have had something to do with it; or it may have been the paprika, for I had to drink up all the water in my carafe, and was still thirsty. Towards morning I slept and was wakened by the continuous knocking at my door, so I guess I must have been sleeping soundly then. I had for breakfast more paprika, and a sort of porridge of maize flour which they said was “mamaliga,” and egg-plant stuffed with forcemeat, a very excellent dish, which they call “impletata.” (Mem., get recipe for this also.) I had to hurry breakfast, for the train started a little before eight, or rather it ought to have done so, for after rushing to the station at 7:30 I had to sit in the carriage for more than an hour before we began to move. It seems to me that the further east you go the more unpunctual are the trains. What ought they to be in China?

All day long we seemed to dawdle through a country which was full of beauty of every kind. Sometimes we saw little towns or castles on the top of steep hills such as we see in old missals; sometimes we ran by rivers and streams which seemed from the wide stony margin on each side of them to be subject to great floods. It takes a lot of water, and running strong, to sweep the outside edge of a river clear. At every station there were groups of people, sometimes crowds, and in all sorts of attire. Some of them were just like the peasants at home or those I saw coming through France and Germany, with short jackets and round hats and home-made trousers; but others were very picturesque. The women looked pretty, except when you got near them, but they were very clumsy about the waist. They had all full white sleeves of some kind or other, and most of them had big belts with a lot of strips of something fluttering from them like the dresses in a ballet, but of course there were petticoats under them. The strangest figures we saw were the Slovaks, who were more barbarian than the rest, with their big cow-boy hats, great baggy dirty-white trousers, white linen shirts, and enormous heavy leather belts, nearly a foot wide, all studded over with brass nails. They wore high boots, with their trousers tucked into them, and had long black hair and heavy black moustaches. They are very picturesque, but do not look prepossessing. On the stage they would be set down at once as some old Oriental band of brigands. They are, however, I am told, very harmless and rather wanting in natural self-assertion.

It was on the dark side of twilight when we got to Bistritz, which is a very interesting old place. Being practically on the frontier—for the Borgo Pass leads from it into Bukovina—it has had a very stormy existence, and it certainly shows marks of it. Fifty years ago a series of great fires took place, which made terrible havoc on five separate occasions. At the very beginning of the seventeenth century it underwent a siege of three weeks and lost 13,000 people, the casualties of war proper being assisted by famine and disease.

  • Jonathan Harker's Journal – Stoker begins Dracula by using Harker's journal entries, which sets a precedent and tone for the rest of the novel. By implementing this unconventional technique, Stoker adds to and sustains his readers' suspense throughout the course of the novel.
  • Vienna – Austria's capital and largest city
  • Buda-pesth – [Budapest] the largest city in Hungary
  • Danube – a river that runs through Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania, and flows into the Black Sea
  • Klausenburgh – [German] (the Romanian spelling is Cluj-Napoca), the capital of Transylvania, which is located in western Romania
  • Carpathians – a large mountain range that extends through parts of central Europe, southern Poland, western Ukraine, and northeast Romania
  • smattering – a minimal amount of knowledge or understanding
  • foreknowledge – knowledge of something before it happens; premonition
  • Transylvania – a historic region located in western Romania
  • Moldavia – an area in eastern Romania
  • Bukovina – a part of northeast Romania
  • Castle Dracula – Castle Dracula could have been any of the numerous castles that Vlad Tepes (Vlad the Impaler, the model for Count Dracula, c.1431 – 1476) stayed in; however, no castle matches Stoker's description exactly. Romanians claim that Bran Castle is “Castle Dracula,” but it was not Vlad's sole residence (this can be proven because of the castle's location and the lack of evidence that Vlad ever lived there). The only castle that Vlad lived in for an extended period of time was Castle of the Arges—the castle that fits the “Castle Dracula” description closest. Vlad Tepes, who reigned as the Prince of Wallachia from 1456 – 1462, built his castle in the mountains near the Arges River, a distance away from his capital city, Tirgoviste.
  • Ordnance Survey Maps – extensive maps of Great Britain, which originated during the reign of King George II of England
  • Bistritz – [German] (the Romanian spelling is Bistrita), the capital of Bistrita-Nasaud County in Transylvania, located on the Bistrita River. The city was a well-known and profitable trading post because of its location among popular trade routes.
  • Count Dracula – a fictional character created by Bram Stoker and modeled after the infamous Vlad Tepes (Vlad the Impaler, c.1431 – 1476). Vlad's father was known as Prince Vlad Dracul (Prince Vlad the Devil). Vlad Tepes was a powerful and cruel ruler—no crime went unpunished. To ensure that his people understood the severity of committing crimes, Vlad Tepes implemented a form of punishment that eventually contributed to a significant decrease in crime throughout the area. He committed acts of harsh torture during his reign. The type of torture he preferred was impalement (thrusting a sharp stake into a victim's body), and he went to great lengths to ensure that his victims did not die too quickly—usually he allowed his victims to live for days in anguish. His cruelty was unbiased; he did not spare anyone—from nobles to peasants—and his victim's age was also inconsequential. He even left the corpses up for months for everyone to see. In addition to impaling people, Vlad Tepes did vary his punishments by using other types of torture.
    Vlad Tepes' cruelty, in addition to the myths, legends, and superstitions about vampires that were well-spread throughout Romania, aided in Stoker's creation of Count Dracula.
  • Saxons – Germans whose ancestors settled in Transylvania in the 12th century
  • Wallachs – natives of Wallachia, an area that was once a province of Dacia (see note that follows), and was ruled by Turkey from 1387 until 1861, when it united with Romania
  • Dacians – descendants of a group that once inhabited a large area in Romania called Dacia, located near the Danube River. The people of this region were from an advanced culture that existed long before the Christian era.
  • Magyars – natives of Hungary
  • Szekelys – an ethnic group of Hungarian descent; related to the Magyar group. Szekelys may have arrived with the Magyars or before them.
  • Atilla and the Huns – Atilla, (also known as “The Scourge of the Gods,” c.406 – 453) was King of the Huns and a barbarian invader.
    The Huns were a nomadic group that was organized in military fashion, divided into armies, and sent off on independent quests to destroy various countries.
  • carafe – a glass pitcher
  • porridge – boiled grain, like oatmeal
  • forcemeat – ground meat, fish, or poultry that is heavily spiced and sometimes used in stuffing
  • unpunctual – late
  • missals – prayer books
  • picturesque – attractive
  • prepossessing – pleasing; impressive
  • brigands – bandits
  • Borgo Pass – a road that connects Transylvania with Bukovina (see note: Bukovina above)
  • havoc – destruction

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