To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee - Copyright Page

ISSN 0091-3421

Volume 194

Contemporary Literary Criticism

Criticism of the Works of Today’s Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Short Story Writers, Scriptwriters, and Other Creative Writers

Tom Burns and Jeffrey W. Hunter

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ISSN 0091-3421

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Preface

N
amed “one of the twenty-five most distinguished reference titles published during the past twenty-five years” by Reference Quarterly, the Contemporary Literary Criticism (CLC) series provides readers with critical commentary and general information on more than 2,000 authors now living or who died after December 31, 1999. Volumes published from 1973 through 1999 include authors who died after December 31, 1959. Previous to the publication of the first volume of CLC in 1973, there was no ongoing digest monitoring scholarly and popular sources of critical opinion and explication of modern literature. CLC, therefore, has fulfilled an essential need, particularly since the complexity and variety of contemporary literature makes the function of criticism especially important to today’s reader.

Scope of the Series

CLC provides significant passages from published criticism of works by creative writers. Since many of the authors covered in CLC inspire continual critical commentary, writers are often represented in more than one volume. There is, of course, no duplication of reprinted criticism.

Authors are selected for inclusion for a variety of reasons, among them the publication or dramatic production of a critically acclaimed new work, the reception of a major literary award, revival of interest in past writings, or the adaptation of a literary work to film or television.

Attention is also given to several other groups of writers—authors of considerable public interest—about whose work criticism is often difficult to locate. These include mystery and science fiction writers, literary and social critics, foreign authors, and authors who represent particular ethnic groups.

Each CLC volume contains individual essays and reviews taken from hundreds of book review periodicals, general magazines, scholarly journals, monographs, and books. Entries include critical evaluations spanning from the beginning of an author’s career to the most current commentary. Interviews, feature articles, and other published writings that offer insight into the author’s works are also presented. Students, teachers, librarians, and researchers will find that the general critical and biographical material in CLC provides them with vital information required to write a term paper, analyze a poem, or lead a book discussion group. In addition, complete biographical citations note the original source and all of the information necessary for a term paper footnote or bibliography.

Organization of the Book

A CLC entry consists of the following elements:

  • © The Author Heading cites the name under which the author most commonly wrote, followed by birth and death dates. Also located here are any name variations under which an author wrote, including transliterated forms for authors whose native languages use nonroman alphabets. If the author wrote consistently under a pseudonym, the pseudonym will be listed in the author heading and the author’s actual name given in parenthesis on the first line of the biographical and critical information. Uncertain birth or death dates are indicated by question marks. Singlework entries are preceded by a heading that consists of the most common form of the title in English translation (if applicable) and the original date of composition.
  • © A Portrait of the Author is included when available.
  • © The Introduction contains background information that introduces the reader to the author, work, or topic that is the subject of the entry.
  • v. 17, spring, 1997; v. 18, fall, 1998; v. 20, fall, 2000; v. 21, fall, 2001. Copyright © 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001 The Review of Contemporary Fiction. All reproduced by permission.—Southern Cultures, v. 6, summer, 2000. Reproduced by permission of the Center for the Study of the American South.—Southern Literary Journal, v. 32, spring, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission.—The Spectator, v. 277, August 17, 1996; v. 280, May 30, 1998; v. 283, December 18-25, 1999; v. 287, October 6, 2001; v. 291, February 15, 2003. Copyright © 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 by The Spectator. All reproduced by permission of The Spectator.—Theatre Journal, v. 43, May 1991; v. 53, 2001. Copyright © 1991, 2001 by University and College Theatre Association of the American Theatre Association. Both reproduced by permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press.—Times Literary Supplement, no. 4867, July 12, 1996; no. 4974, July 31, 1998; no. 4983, October 2, 1998; no. 5056, February 25, 2000; no. 5142, October 19, 2001. Copyright © 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001 by The Times Supplements Limited. All reproduced from The Times Literary Supplement by permission.—Twentieth-Century Literature, v. 47, fall, 2001. Copyright © 2001, Hofstra University Press. Reproduced by permission.—Women’s Review of Books, v. 21, December, 2003 for “Philosophy of the Heart” by Deborah E. McDowell. Copyright © 2003. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—World Literature Today, v. 66, winter, 1992; v. 73, summer, 1999; v. 75, 2001. Copyright © 1992, 1999, 2001 by the University of Oklahoma Press. All reprinted by permission of the publisher.
  • vii

    COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN CLC, VOLUME 194, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:

    Atkinson, Yvonne. From “Language that Bears Witness: The Black English Oral Tradition in the Works of Toni Morrison,” in The Aesthetics of Toni Morrison: Speaking the Unspeakable. Edited by Marc C. Conner. University Press of Mississippi, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by University Press of Mississippi. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.— Coetzee, J. M. From Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship. University of Chicago, 1996. Copyright © 1996 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission. of the author.—Duvall, John N. From The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness. Palgrave, 2000. Copyright © by John

    N. Duvall, 2000. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Furman, Jan. From Toni Morrison’s Fiction. University of South Carolina Press, 1996. Copyright © 1996, by University of South Carolina. Reproduced by permission.—Grewal, Gurleen. From Circles of Sorrow, Lines of Struggle: The Novels of Toni Morrison. Louisiana State University Press, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by Louisiana State University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Holloway, Karla F. C. From “The Lyrical Dimensions of Spirituality: Music, Voice, and Language in the Novels of Toni Morrison,” in Embodied Voices: Representing Female Vocality in Western Culture. Edited by Leslie C. Dunn and Nancy A. Jones. Cambridge University Press, 1994. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press.—Hove, Thomas B. From “Toni Morrison,” in Postmodernism: The Key Figures. Edited by Hans Bertens and Joseph Natoli. Blackwell Publishers, 2002. Copyright © Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2002. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Blackwell Publishers.—Jones, Carolyn M. From “Sula and Beloved: Images of Cain in the Novels of Toni Morrison,” in Understanding Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Sula: Selected Essays and Criticisms of the Works by the Nobel Prize-Winning Author. Edited by Solomon O. Iyasere and Marla W. Iyasere. Whitston Publishing Company, 2000. Copyright © 2000 Solomon O. Iyasere and Marla W. Iyasere. Reproduced by permission.— Jones, Carolyn M. “Harper Lee,” in The History of Southern Women’s Literature. Edited by Carolyn Perry and Mary Louise Weaks. Louisiana State University Press, 2002. Copyright © 2002 by Louisiana State University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Lewis, Barbara Williams. From “The Function of Jazz in Toni Morrison’s ‘Jazz’,” in Toni Morrison’s Fiction: Contemporary Criticism. Edited by David L. Middleton. Garland Publishing, 1997. Copyright © 1997, by David L. Middleton. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc., and the author.—Mufti, Aamir. From “Reading the Rushdie Affair: ‘Islam,’ Cultural Politics, Form,” in The Administration of Aesthetics: Censorship, Political Criticism, and the Public Sphere. Edited by Richard Burt. University of Minnesota Press, 1994. Copyright © 1994 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Smykowski, Adam. From “Symbolism in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird,” www.vanderbilt.edu. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Steinle, Pamela Hunt. From In Cold Fear: ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ Censorship Controversies and Postwar American Character. Ohio State University Press, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

    PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATIONS APPEARING IN CLC, VOLUME 194, WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:

    Lee, Harper, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Morrison, Toni, promoting her new book Love, at a Barnes and Noble store in New York. Copyright © Nancy Kazerman/ZUMA/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

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