Criticism of the Works of Today’s Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Short Story Writers, Scriptwriters, and Other Creative Writers

Tom Burns and Jeffrey W. Hunter

PROJECT EDITORS

Acknowledgments

The editors wish to thank the copyright holders of the criticism included in this volume and the permissions managers of many book and magazine publishing companies for assisting us in securing reproduction rights. We are also grateful to the staffs of the Detroit Public Library, the Library of Congress, the University of Detroit Mercy Library, Wayne State University Purdy/Kresge Library Complex, and the University of Michigan Libraries for making their resources available to us. Following is a list of the copyright holders who have granted us permission to reproduce material in this volume of CLC. Every effort has been made to trace copyright, but if omissions have been made, please let us know.

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN CLC, VOLUME 187, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING PERIODICALS:

Advocate, November 9, 1999. Copyright © 1999 by Don Shewey. Reproduced by permission.—America, v. 116, May 2, 1992. Copyright © 1992. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission of America Press, Inc., 106 West 56th Street, New York, NY 10019.—American Theatre, v. 17, September, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by American Theatre. Reproduced by permission.—Antioch Review, v. 53, fall, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by the Antioch Review Inc. Reproduced by permission of the editors.—ARIEL, v. 29, October, 1998 for “Goodbye Lena, Goodbye Poppie: Post-Apartheid Black Women’s Writing” by Margaret Lenta. Copyright © 1998 by The Board of Governors, The University of Calgary. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.—Atlantic Monthly, v. 281, May, 1998 for “A Fictional Portrait of John Brown” by James M. McPherson. Copyright © 1998 by The Atlantic Monthly. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Brecht Yearbook, v. 18, 1993 for “Traces of Brecht in Maria Irene Fornes’ Mud” by Christine Kiebuzinska. Copyright © 1993, by The Brecht Yearbook. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.—Chicago Tribune Books, June 11, 1995 for “Adolescent Adrift: Russell Banks’ Remarkable Portrait of a Modern-Day Huck Finn” by Penelope Mesic. Copyright © 1995 by Chicago Tribune Books, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Christian Century, v. 112, April 12, 1995; v. 114, December 24, 1997. Copyright © 1995, 1997 by the Christian Century Foundation. Both reproduced by permission.—Christian Science Monitor, v. 87, May 10, 1995 for “Strange Beauty amid Horror, Grief” by Merle Rubin; v. 88, June 19, 1996 for “A Portrait of a Woman Who Transcends Culture” by Merle Rubin. Copyright © 1995, 1996 by The Christian Science Publishing Society. All rights reserved. Both reproduced by permission of the author./v. 83, September 24, 1991. Copyright © 1991 by The Christian Science Publishing Society. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission from The Christian Science Monitor.—Christianity and Literature, v. 48, autumn, 1998. Reproduced by permission.—Current Writing, v. 11, 1999. Reproduced by permission of Programme of English Studies, University of Natal.—Georgia Review, v. 49, spring, 1995 for “Kenzaburo© O© e: An Imaginative Anarchist with a Heart” by Michiko Niikuni Wilson; v. 55, spring, 2001 for “Book Reviews” by Kathleen Snodgrass. Copyright © 1995, 2001 by the University of Georgia. Both reproduced by permission of the respective authors./v. 50, fall, 1996. Copyright © 1996 by the University of Georgia. Reproduced by permission.—Grand Street, v. 14, winter, 1996. Copyright © 1996 by the New York Foundation for the Arts, Inc., Grand Street Press. Reproduced by permission.—Iowa Review, v. 28, summer-fall, 1998 for “Thoughts on Mda, Ndebele, and Black South African Writing at the Millennium” by Sarah Ruden. Copyright © 1998 by The University of Iowa. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Japan Quarterly, v. 42, July-September, 1995 for “Review of Japan, the Ambiguous, and Myself, by Kenzaburo© O© e” by Janet Goff; v. 43, July-September, 1996 for “An Author in Search of a Story” by James Dalglish. Copyright © 1995, 1996 by Asahi Shimbun Publishing Co. Both reproduced by permission of the respective authors.—Journal of American Drama and Theatre, v. 9, spring, 1997. Copyright © 1997, by Journal of American Drama and Theatre. Reproduced by permission.—Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, v. 8, spring, 1994 for “Fornes’s Odd Couple: Oscar and Bertha at the Magic Theatre” by Scott T. Cummings. Copyright © 1994 by Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism. Reproduced by permission of the author.— London Review of Books, v. 18, April 4, 1996. Appears here by permission of the London Review of Books.—Los Angeles Times, May 12, 1996. Copyright © 1996 by Times Mirror Company. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Los Angeles Times Book Review, May 21, 1995; July 2, 1995; August 11, 1996; March 8, 1998; April 20, 2003. Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1998, 2003 Los Angeles Times. All reproduced by permission.—Maclean’s, v. 111, April 13, 1998 for “Gory, Gory, Hallelujah” by Lawrence Hill. Copyright © 1998 by Maclean’s Magazine. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Modern Drama, v. 40, winter, 1997; v. 43, summer, 2000; v. 44, winter, 2001. Copyright © 1997, 2000, 2001 by the University of Toronto, Graduate Centre for Study of Drama. All reproduced by permission.—Modern Fiction Studies,

v. 46, spring, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by Purdue Research Foundation, West Lafayette, IN 47907. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Johns Hopkins University.—New Leader, v. 86, January-February, 2003. Copyright © 2003 by The American Labor Conference on International Affairs, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—New Republic, v. 212,

May 29, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by The New Republic, Inc. Reproduced by permission of The New Republic.—New Literary History, v. 28, autumn, 1997. Copyright © 1997 by The Johns Hopkins University Press. Reproduced by permission.—New Statesman and Society, v. 8, July 7, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by Statesman & Nation Publishing Company Limited. Reproduced by permission.—New Theatre Quarterly, v. 13, August, 1997 for “The Starfish and the Strange Attractor: Myth, Science, and Theatre as Laboratory in Maria Irene Fornes’ Mud” by Cara Gargano. Copyright © 1997 by New Theatre Quarterly. Reproduced by permission of the author.—New York Review of Books, v. 45, April 9, 1998. Copyright © 1998 NYREV, Inc. Reproduced with permission from The New York Review of Books.—Paris Review, v. 40, summer, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by The Paris Review. Reproduced by permission of Regal Literary, Inc. as agent for The Paris Review.—Partisan Review, v. 54, fall, 1998 for “Fiction Chronicle” by Millicent Bell. Copyright © 1998 by Partisan Review. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Performing Arts Journal, v. 14, May, 1992. Copyright © 1992, by Performing Arts Journal. Reproduced by permission of The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.—Poets and Writers Magazine, v. 26, March-April, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by Poets and Writers Magazine. Reproduced by permission.—Publishers Weekly, v. 242, August 7, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by Reed Publishing USA. Reproduced from Publishers Weekly, published by the Bowker Magazine Group of Cahners Publishing Co., a division of Reed Publishing USA, by permission.—Research in African Literatures, v. 31, summer, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by Indiana University Press. Reproduced by permission.—Review of Contemporary Fiction, v. 22, fall, 2002; v. 23, summer, 2003. Copyright © 2002, 2003 The Review of Contemporary Fiction. Both reproduced by permission.—Spectator, v. 280, February 7, 1998; v. 289, July 27, 2002. Copyright © 1998, 2002 by The Spectator. Both reproduced by permission of The Spectator.—Studies in American Drama, 1945-Present, v. 4, 1989 for “Pressing Clothes/Snapping Beans/Reading Books: Maria Irene Fornes’s Women’s Work” by Lurana Donnels O’Malley. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Studies in Short Fiction, v. 31, summer, 1994. Copyright © 1994 by Studies in Short Fiction, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Studies in the Novel, v. 29, fall, 1997. Copyright © 1997 by the University of North Texas. All rights to reproduction in any form reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Theater, v. 17, winter, 1985; v. 25, 1995. Copyright © 1985, 1995 by Duke University Press, Durham, NC. Used by permission.—Theatre Journal, v. 46, May, 1994. Copyright © 1994 by University and College Theatre Association of the American Theatre Association. Reproduced by permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press.—Theatre Studies, v. 37, 1992. Copyright © 1992 by The Lawrence and Lee Theatre Research Institute. Reproduced by permission.—Times Literary Supplement, no. 4813, April 17, 1992; no. 4646, June 30, 1995; no. 4964, May 22, 1998; no. 5085, September 15, 2000; no. 5239, August 29, 2003. Copyright © The Times Supplements Limited 1992, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003. All reproduced from The Times Literary Supplement by permission.—Washington Post Book World, v. 21, September 8, 1991 for “The Lost Children” by Howard Frank Mosher; v. 32, June 9, 2002 for “Innocence and Experience” by Elizabeth Ward. Copyright © 1991, 2002 by Washington Post Book World Service/Washington Post Writers Group. Reproduced by permission of the authors.—World Literature Today, v. 69, winter, 1995; v. 69, spring, 1995; v. 70, winter, 1996; v. 70, spring, 1996; v. 71, winter, 1997; v. 71, summer, 1997; v. 73, summer, 1999; v. 76, winter, 2002; v. 76, spring, 2002. Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2002 by the University of Oklahoma Press. All reproduced by permission of the publisher.

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN CLC, VOLUME 187, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:

Brink, André. From Reinventing a Continent: Writing and Politics in South Africa. Zoland Books, 1998. Copyright © 1996 & 1998 by André Brink. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Chapman, Michael. From Southern African Literatures. Longman, 1996. Copyright © Longman Group Limited 1996. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Morales, Donald M. From “Post Apartheid Drama,” in African Visions: Literary Images, Political Change, and Social Struggle in Contemporary Africa. Edited by Cheryl B. Mwaria, Silvia Federici, and Joseph McLaren. Copyright © 2000 by Hofstra University. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT.—Napier, Susan J. From Escape from the Wasteland: Romanticism and Realism in the Fiction of Mishima Yukio and O© e Kenzaburo©. Harvard University Press, 1986. Copyright © 1991, 1995 by The President and Fellows of Harvard College. Reproduced by permission.—Niemi, Robert. From “Success Story: The Life and Career of Russell Banks,” in Russell Banks. Edited by Frank Day. Twayne Publishers, 1997. Copyright © 1997 by Twayne Publishers. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Gale Group.—Wilson, Michiko M. From The Marginal World of O© e Kenzabur©

o: A Study in Themes and Techniques. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1986. Copyright © 1986 by M.

E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATIONS APPEARING IN CLC, VOLUME 187, WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:

Banks, Russell, photograph by Horst Tappe. Hulton/Archive. Reproduced by permission.—Fornes, Maria Irene, photograph. Copyright © Bill Giduz. Reproduced by permission. O© e, Kenzabur©

o, photograph by Itsuo Inouye. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission. xii

Gale Literature Product Advisory Board

The members of the Gale Group Literature Product Advisory Board—reference librarians from public and academic library systems—represent a cross-section of our customer base and offer a variety of informed perspectives on both the presentation and content of our literature products. Advisory board members assess and define such quality issues as the relevance, currency, and usefulness of the author coverage, critical content, and literary topics included in our series; evaluate the layout, presentation, and general quality of our printed volumes; provide feedback on the criteria used for selecting authors and topics covered in our series; provide suggestions for potential enhancements to our series; identify any gaps in our coverage of authors or literary topics, recommending authors or topics for inclusion; analyze the appropriateness of our content and presentation for various user audiences, such as high school students, undergraduates, graduate students, librarians, and educators; and offer feedback on any proposed changes/enhancements to our series. We wish to thank the following advisors for their advice throughout the year.

Barbara M. Bibel

Librarian Oakland Public Library Oakland, California

Dr. Toby Burrows

Principal Librarian The Scholars’ Centre University of Western Australia Library Nedlands, Western Australia

Celia C. Daniel

Associate Librarian, Reference Howard University Washington, D.C.

David M. Durant

Reference Librarian Joyner Library East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina

Nancy Guidry

Librarian Bakersfield Community College Bakersfield, California

Steven R. Harris

English Literature Librarian University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee

Mary Jane Marden

Collection Development Librarian St. Petersburg College Pinellas Park, Florida

Heather Martin

Arts & Humanities Librarian University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sterne Library Birmingham, Alabama

Susan Mikula

Director Indiana Free Library Indiana, Pennsylvania

Thomas Nixon

Humanities Reference Librarian University of North Carolina, Davis Library Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Mark Schumacher

Jackson Library University of North Carolina Greensboro, North Carolina

Gwen Scott-Miller

Assistant Director Sno-Isle Regional Library System Marysville, Washington

Donald Welsh

Head, Reference Services College of William and Mary, Swem Library Williamsburg, Virginia