The Birthmark | Bibliography
Millington, Richard H. 2004. The Cambridge Companion to Nathaniel Hawthorne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. This collection of essays covers topics that include Hawthorne’s relationship to history, women, politics, and early America.
Pennell, Melissa McFarland. 1999. Student Companion to Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Greenwood. Chapters in this collection cover Hawthorne’s biography; his contributions to American literature; and discussions of the plots, themes, characters, settings, and symbols in his major short stories and novels.
Rucker,...
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