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    <title>Biology Group at eNotes</title>
    <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/group</link>
    <description>The latest discussion, including questions and answers, from the Biology Group at eNotes.</description>
    <lastBuildDate>Sun, 3 Jan 2010 10:36:58</lastBuildDate>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[Coenozoic era, upto the present, has had an estimated duration of about...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Coenozoic era, upto the present, has had an estimated duration of about 63 million years. It could be called as "age of mammals" . The era has been divided into two periods- Tertiary and Quarternary. The tertiary period is characterised by the spectular rise of mammals. The tertiary period has been separated into four epochs, namely Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and Piocene.
The term Eocene has been derived from two Greek words meaning "dawn" of...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</guid>
        <pubDate>Sun, 3 Jan 2010 10:36:58 PST</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[Based on morphology, scientists have long thought that the hippo's...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Based on morphology, scientists have long thought that the hippo's closest relative is the pig. This theory has seen a spectacular reversal  twenty years ago, when tests have made first molecular analysis and then confirmed by DNA analysis. These genetic studies have shown that the hippo's closest relative is ... whale.
The problem now was that there  were not any fossil evidence to support this discovery. How looks like the common ancestor...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</guid>
        <pubDate>Sun, 3 Jan 2010 07:33:54 PST</pubDate>
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        <title><![CDATA[It is generally agreed that the evolution of whales (cetaceans) began...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</link>
        <description><![CDATA[It is generally agreed that the evolution of whales (cetaceans) began 60 million years ago with Sinonyx (Mesonychids) a carnivorous undulate (hoofed animal) the size of a wolf.  Key features of this fossil are its triangular shaped teeth and skull. The next step in the development of the whale was Pakicetus, 52 million years ago (Early Eocene), an animal with long tail and thick neck and hooves. Amulocetus, 50 million years ago, developed a...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</guid>
        <pubDate>Sun, 3 Jan 2010 06:44:38 PST</pubDate>
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        <title><![CDATA[Of course, all evolution occurs by natural selection.  Traits that help...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Of course, all evolution occurs by natural selection.  Traits that help an animal survive are passed down.  Those that do not help it are lost.
The ancestors of the whales were land animals that had hooves.  We know that sometime around 52 million years ago the ancestors of whales were swimming in the oceans, but still had small hind legs that were useless for walking on land.
As to why whales are so big, the most likely answer is that the...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</guid>
        <pubDate>Sun, 3 Jan 2010 06:26:07 PST</pubDate>
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        <title><![CDATA[How did the EVOLUTION of THE WHALE occur?  Who is the ancestor of the...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</link>
        <description><![CDATA[How did the EVOLUTION of THE WHALE occur?  Who is the ancestor of the whale?]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-evolution-whale-occurs-who-ancestor-whale-127095</guid>
        <pubDate>Sun, 3 Jan 2010 04:00:53 PST</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[Colonization factor in E. coli is a virulence plasmid that carries...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/why-would-e-coli-strain-carry-plasmid-with-beta-126201</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Colonization factor in E. coli is a virulence plasmid that carries genetic determinants that encode information related to their autonomous replication (i.e. plasmid that encodes the secretion of beta-lactamase from S. aureus).
The immune response is insignificant and prophylaxis is nonspecific ,the treatment being done according to antibiogram results and  the pathogen location.
Sensitive phenotype (wild) is characterized by a relative...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/why-would-e-coli-strain-carry-plasmid-with-beta-126201</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2009 11:04:04 PST</pubDate>
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        <title><![CDATA[Sperms are the male sex cells or gametes that unite with female sex...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-sperms-made-human-126229</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Sperms are the male sex cells or gametes that unite with female sex cells, called egg cell or ovum, in a process called fertilization to start the process of development of an new baby. Sperms are produced in a pair of glands called testicles which has a complex system of tubes called seminiferous tubules. These glands are located in a pouch that hangs between two legs of males. The sperms passes from the testicles to epididymis. Further...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-sperms-made-human-126229</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2009 02:25:51 PST</pubDate>
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        <title><![CDATA[The human body is equipped with a reproductive system. Both male and...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-sperms-made-human-126229</link>
        <description><![CDATA[The human body is equipped with a reproductive system. Both male and female carry different parts essential for procreation.  The male's body generates sperm which is necessary for creation to occur. Sperm are produced in the male's testes.  The testes are located in the scrotum which is a sac that supports them. Testes normally descend before birth, but in instances when they don't, the risk of infertility is present.
The testicles are...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-sperms-made-human-126229</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:33:19 PST</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[The male reproductive system in man consists of primary sex organs,the...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-sperms-made-human-126229</link>
        <description><![CDATA[The male reproductive system in man consists of primary sex organs,the testes,and a set of accessory sexual structures.Each of two testes in the adult male is an ovoid body.Both are located outside the body cavity within a skin covered pouch called the scrotum.The two principal functions of the testes are the formation of sperm cells by spermatogenesis and the production of male sex hormone,testosterone.


The reproductive system of human...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-sperms-made-human-126229</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:23:12 PST</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[Where are sperms made in human?]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-sperms-made-human-126229</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Where are sperms made in human?]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-sperms-made-human-126229</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:03:39 PST</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[Why would the E. Coli strain carry a plasmid with the beta-lactamase gene?]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/why-would-e-coli-strain-carry-plasmid-with-beta-126201</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Why would the E. Coli strain carry a plasmid with the beta-lactamase gene?]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/why-would-e-coli-strain-carry-plasmid-with-beta-126201</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 28 Dec 2009 19:44:20 PST</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[I know that the vaccine using the live measles virus has been modified...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-has-measles-virus-been-modified-125917</link>
        <description><![CDATA[I know that the vaccine using the live measles virus has been modified in order to make it safer for humans.  The measles virus has been modified so that it is at a weaker state or harmless.  It is then added to a vaccine so that it can be used to help build immunity against the disease.  This type of vaccine is called an attenuated vaccine.
Modified measles are seen in some people who have never been vaccinated.  In these cases...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-has-measles-virus-been-modified-125917</guid>
        <pubDate>Sat, 26 Dec 2009 20:16:09 PST</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[How has the measles virus been modified?]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-has-measles-virus-been-modified-125917</link>
        <description><![CDATA[How has the measles virus been modified?]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/how-has-measles-virus-been-modified-125917</guid>
        <pubDate>Sat, 26 Dec 2009 19:50:52 PST</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[Explain the renewal of defence structures by the body (eg, cells,...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/explain-renewal-defence-structures-by-body-eg-125491</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Explain the renewal of defence structures by the body (eg, cells, barriers) for nonspecific and specific immune defences?]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/explain-renewal-defence-structures-by-body-eg-125491</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2009 10:40:34 PST</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[Chromium is a very vital mineral found in low concentrations in the...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/chromium-safe-what-chromiums-role-human-body-125457</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Chromium is a very vital mineral found in low concentrations in the human body. Chromium is the active component of GTF - Glucose Tolerance Factor. Chromium helps insulin transport  glucose from the blood into the cells to release  energy.
Low chromium levels can increase blood sugar, triglycerides (a type of fat in the blood), cholesterol levels, and increase the risk for a number of conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease.
Food...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/chromium-safe-what-chromiums-role-human-body-125457</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2009 06:43:29 PST</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[How safe is chromium and what is its metabolic role in human physiology?]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/chromium-safe-what-chromiums-role-human-body-125457</link>
        <description><![CDATA[How safe is chromium and what is its metabolic role in human physiology?]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/chromium-safe-what-chromiums-role-human-body-125457</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2009 03:37:21 PST</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[Most green plants derive their nitogen from the soli as solutes...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/what-adaptations-carnivorous-plants-would-need-124949</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Most green plants derive their nitogen from the soli as solutes conducted through the root system.However,some of them obtain nitrogen from captured animal prey.Such plants which get their nitrogen from animals are called carnivorus or insectivorous plants.These plants usually grow in water logged and swampy soils deficient in nitrogenous compound.They have poorly developed roots and thus,they have to depend on captured insects for their...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/what-adaptations-carnivorous-plants-would-need-124949</guid>
        <pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2009 03:24:08 PST</pubDate>
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        <title><![CDATA[What are adaptations carnivorous plants? I would need details on this...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/what-adaptations-carnivorous-plants-would-need-124949</link>
        <description><![CDATA[What are adaptations carnivorous plants? I would need details on this topic.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/what-adaptations-carnivorous-plants-would-need-124949</guid>
        <pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2009 02:25:38 PST</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[actually you both are incorrect the vacuoles are located in the...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-cells-vacuoles-located-what-do-they-95507</link>
        <description><![CDATA[actually you both are incorrect the vacuoles are located in the Cytoplasm of the cell and food vacuoles transport nutrients from the membrane to other areas of the cell]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/where-cells-vacuoles-located-what-do-they-95507</guid>
        <pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2009 22:12:26 PST</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title><![CDATA[Yes.  The two types of light sensitive cells in the retina, rods and...]]></title>
        <link>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/does-eye-color-affect-peripheral-vision-124457</link>
        <description><![CDATA[Yes.  The two types of light sensitive cells in the retina, rods and cones, determine what you see.   The rods are about 6 million in number, are color sensitive, are at the center of the retina in an area of the eye called the fovea and are employed when looking directly at an object.  The cones, on the other hand, number about 120 million, and are scattered throughout the retina.  Although they are not color sensitive, they are motion...]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.enotes.com/biology/q-and-a/does-eye-color-affect-peripheral-vision-124457</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Dec 2009 09:18:32 PST</pubDate>
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