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What is the relationship between literature and other arts such as painting, music, photography, cinema, etc?

Literature, like the other arts you mention, is an expression of individual thought and feeling achieved through the creative process.  Artists seek to share their experiences, observations, and understanding (their "truths") through the medium that most effectively lends itself to their personal skills and abilities. Whether artists are writing stories, painting pictures, writing music, composing a photograph, or creating a film, they are expressing their relationship to the world around them at that moment. Their works share certain expressive elements, such as structure, theme, and tone. Art connects human beings to each other in that it allows us to share each other's perceptions, emotions, and experiences. A gifted artist may capture creatively what we feel but cannot express ourselves.

I tend to think that all of these arts are a response to the culture and events of particular time periods.  Though literature may not be directly affected by another type of artistic movement, both are affected by history. For example, when you looked at Modernist literature (Early 20th century) and compare that to the other arts, certain themes pop up: the need for the individual to express himself or herself in an increasingly more chaotic world, an experimentation with or even rejection of certain traditional elements, etc.  For example, compare and contrast the movie Metropolis (directed by Fritz Lang in 1927) with The Trial (1925) by Franz Kafka, you see two completely seperate works that both deal with the fear of dystopia and the complete extermination of individual free will.  Considering both of these were created post World War I by German artists who would have reason to fear a crumbling society, this feeling certainly makes sense.

Literature, painting, music, photography, cinema, and many other forms of art such as, say, dance and sculpture are all independent mediums of expression (by the artist), that evoke understanding, thoughts and emotions (among those who see, read and hear such art). Each one of these can exists independent of of others, but frequently more than one medium of art are combined to produce much better result than what would have been possible by sum of effect of each one by itself. For example, a good ballet is essentially a combination of dance wit a narrative, in addition it also uses of music and visual art in form of the stage art and even the dresses used by performers.

A fairly representative sample of all the various permutations and combinations of different art forms used, will become for inclusion in this forum of discussion. So I will just cover in brief hoe cinema makes very effective use of use of all other art medium.

The story or script of cinema is a piece of literature. So are all the spoken parts of cinema.

Photography is very much an essential part of cinema.

Photography itself produces what painting do, except the method of creation for the two medium are different and to that extent the scope of limitations of the quality of output is different.

Cartoon films are actually just like painting with motion.

Background music and songs add to the value of cinema. Also the visuals that accompany the music also has the potential of enhancing.

Songs and music are frequently presented in conjunction with dance. And both these are form of many movies.

It is not possible to present sculptures in cinema without some loss of effect their three dimensional nature. But some times this can often be more than offset by additional capabilities of cinema, for example a cinema may present an aerial picture of a monument like Sphinx from different angles and distances which an ordinary tourist will not be able to get.

we give words to our feelings in litrature by writing poems, in arts we give symbols to our feelings .spectator have to understand the idea behind the painting or the poem ,so they are related both have deep meanings.

Literature can help to inspire other mediums of artistic expression.  Challenging and powerful literature can set the stage for amazingly poweful and compelling representation in other forms.  For example, Picasso's rendering of "Don Quixote" raises as many thought provoking discussions as Cervantes' work, itself.  However, there are times when literature cannot seem to make the jump from its pages to other mediums.  I am not sure why this is, but there are times when literature cannot be replicated into other mediums.  Having said this, perhaps the relationship between literature and other mediums is that they can both be used to articulate experiences within the human predicament.  They might be able to serve vehicles that express the level of "truths" that we endure and seek to voice.