Kalambo Falls, Tanzania
Kalambo Falls, Tanzania [Si].An in-situ Lower Palaeolithic site and a series of later deposits beside a small lake basin behind the lip of the 220m high Kalambo Falls on the Kalambo River on the border between Tanzania and Zambia. Discovered in 1953, the area has been extensively surveyed and excavated by J. Desmond Clark and a large team of international collaborators.
The earliest deposits are the remains of dry-season encampment by Acheulian communities around 200 000 years ago. An arc of stones may be the remains of a windbreak, while two grass-filled hollows may be sleeping places. Bone was not preserved at the site, but pieces of wood appear to show deliberate shaping and burning. Pollen shows that plants favouring a rather cooler and damper climate than prevails in the area today were present in the late Acheulean. These in-situ deposits are amongst the very few such Lower Palaeolithic sites in the world. The area was also occupied around...
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