Harappa, India
Harappa, India [Si].A major city of the INDUS VALLEY civilization beside the River Ravi in the Punjab of west Pakistan. The site was first discovered in the 1820s by Sir Alexander Burnes and Charles Masson, but the importance of the site was not recognized until much later. The city is known to cover at least 100ha and spans a long period of occupation in five main phases from about 3200 BC through to 1500 BC. On the west side of the site is an imposing high area surrounded by brick walls, designated as the citadel by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, but in fact it is just one of a number of major structures, many of which were made from a distinctive style of ceramic brick. Residential accommodation occupies a larger zone to the east. Two cemeteries are known from the period 2500 BC to 1500 BC, mainly supine inhumations in wooden coffins.[Rep.: G. L. Possehl (ed.), 1992, Harappan civilization: a contemporary perspective....
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