Stubborn Fool: A Narrative
Memoir
By: Estelle Aubrey Brown
Date: 1952
Source: Brown, Estelle Aubrey. Stubborn Fool: A Narrative. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton, 1952.
About the Author: Estelle Aubrey Brown (1877–1958) began her teaching career in a one-room schoolhouse at the age of sixteen. She saved her earnings in order to further her education during vacations. After passing a civil service exam in 1902, she accepted the offer of a position at the Crow Creek Indian school in South Dakota. She went on to work at various Indian schools for the next sixteen years.
Introduction
The U.S. Congress began allocating funds to build schools for Native Americans in 1877, and in 1891, school attendance for American Indians was made compulsory. By 1907, over half of Native American children were enrolled in schools run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA).
The assumption of many white...
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1900's Education Primary Sources
The 1900's: Primary Sources
